Q.1.1 Ribble (2011) identifies nine elements that make up digital citizenship, encompassing the issue of the use, abuse and misuse of technology. Briefly discuss these nine elements.

1.       Digital Access: is being connected to the digital world, society is depending more and more on the electronic uses around us. But not everyone always has equal rights and possibilities to access the web world.
2.       Digital Etiquette: “netiquette” are more than just rules and policies but also what is appropriate behaviour online. One should be respectful and decent when using technology.
3.       Digital Law: as any law, everyone who plays and works online need to follow the responsible rules, theft and crime is unethical and can have serious consequences.
4.        Digital Communication: communication is the exchange of information between two or more people. Today one can instantly send someone information to another country or even continent. But not everyone is used to this way yet and still need to learn, also those that are making use of it need to be responsible and make decisions that are appropriate.
5.        Digital Literacy: is being able to use technology to communicate, create and find information. Digital literacy is a necessary skill, this will shape the way the digital world looks and how people use technology responsibly.
6.       Digital Commerce: is the buying and selling of goods or services over the internet. Citizens of the digital world need to learn to how to undergo these trades legally and effectively.
7.        Digital Rights and Responsibilities: citizens have a right to privacy, free speech, etc. but also the expectation to be responsible in the way they use technology. For the digital world to be productive both of these must work together.
8.       Digital Safety and Security: users need make sure they are protected from outsiders, very personal information of all the digital users are all over the web and it can do much harm in the wrong hands. There are many programs available for use, like anti-virus and back-up systems.
9.       Digital Health and Wellness: as many things, the internet can also cause harm to your physical being. There are negatives like addiction to internet or using the internet for the wrong things, it can also cause harm to your eyes, ears and back. So citizens must be taught to protect themselves. 

Reference:

• Mike Ribble. https://www.iste.org/explore/ArticleDetail?articleid=101
• 2015. Digital Citizenship. :Learning Unit 1. Module Manual. First edition. The Independent Institution of Education. Unpublished.